React Redux Thunk

Setup

tip

If you previously completed the HTTP demos these three setup steps were already completed in that section.

Verify these styles have been added to the demos project
Verify the backend API setup detailed here has been completed.
Verify the items have been added to db.json.

Example Application using Function Components

function ID() {
  return "_" + Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9);
}

class Item {
  constructor(id, name) {
    this.id = id;
    this.name = name;
  }
}

const baseUrl = "http://localhost:3000";

class ItemAPI {
  url = `${baseUrl}/items`;

  constructor() {}

  getAll(page = 1, limit = 100) {
    return fetch(`${this.url}?_page=${page}&_limit=${limit}`)
      .then(this.checkStatus)
      .then(this.parseJSON);
  }

  add(item) {
    return fetch(`${this.url}`, {
      method: "POST",
      body: JSON.stringify(item),
      headers: {
        "Content-Type": "application/json",
      },
    })
      .then(this.checkStatus)
      .then(this.parseJSON);
  }

  update(item) {
    return fetch(`${this.url}/${item.id}`, {
      method: "PUT",
      body: JSON.stringify(item),
      headers: {
        "Content-Type": "application/json",
      },
    })
      .then(this.checkStatus)
      .then(this.parseJSON);
  }

  delete(id) {
    return fetch(`${this.url}/${id}`, {
      method: "DELETE",
      headers: {
        "Content-Type": "application/json",
      },
    })
      .then(this.checkStatus)
      .then(this.parseJSON);
  }

  static translateStatusToErrorMessage(status) {
    switch (status) {
      case 401:
        return "Please login again.";
      case 403:
        return "You do not have permission to view the items.";
      default:
        return "There was an error retrieving the items. Please try again.";
    }
  }

  //pass translate in to make this more flexible
  checkStatus(response) {
    if (response.status >= 200 && response.status < 300) {
      return response;
    } else {
      const httpErrorInfo = {
        status: response.status,
        statusText: response.statusText,
        url: response.url,
      };
      console.log(
        `logging http details for debugging: ${JSON.stringify(httpErrorInfo)}`
      );

      let errorMessage = ItemAPI.translateStatusToErrorMessage(
        httpErrorInfo.status
      );
      throw new Error(errorMessage);
    }
  }

  parseJSON(response) {
    return response.json();
  }
}

// REDUX -------------------

//action types
const LOAD_ITEMS_REQUEST = "LOAD_ITEMS_REQUEST";
const LOAD_ITEMS_SUCCESS = "LOAD_ITEMS_SUCCESS";
const LOAD_ITEMS_FAILURE = "LOAD_ITEMS_FAILURE";
const ADD_ITEM_REQUEST = "ADD_ITEM_REQUEST";
const ADD_ITEM_SUCCESS = "ADD_ITEM_SUCCESS";
const ADD_ITEM_FAILURE = "ADD_ITEM_FAILURE";
const UPDATE_ITEM_REQUEST = "UPDATE_ITEM_REQUEST";
const UPDATE_ITEM_SUCCESS = "UPDATE_ITEM_SUCCESS";
const UPDATE_ITEM_FAILURE = "UPDATE_ITEM_FAILURE";
const DELETE_ITEM_REQUEST = "DELETE_ITEM_REQUEST";
const DELETE_ITEM_SUCCESS = "DELETE_ITEM_SUCCESS";
const DELETE_ITEM_FAILURE = "DELETE_ITEM_FAILURE";

//state (initial)
const initialState = {
  items: [],
  loading: false,
  error: null,
};

//reducer
function reducer(state = initialState, action) {
  switch (action.type) {
    case LOAD_ITEMS_REQUEST:
      return { ...state, loading: true };
    case LOAD_ITEMS_SUCCESS:
      return { ...state, loading: false, items: action.payload };
    case LOAD_ITEMS_FAILURE:
      return { ...state, loading: false, error: action.payload.message };
    case ADD_ITEM_REQUEST:
      return { ...state };
    case ADD_ITEM_SUCCESS:
      return {
        ...state,
        items: [...state.items, action.payload],
      };
    case ADD_ITEM_FAILURE:
      return { ...state, loading: false, error: action.payload.message };
    case UPDATE_ITEM_REQUEST:
      return { ...state };
    case UPDATE_ITEM_SUCCESS:
      return {
        ...state,
        items: state.items.map((item) => {
          return item.id === action.payload.id
            ? Object.assign({}, item, action.payload)
            : item;
        }),
      };
    case UPDATE_ITEM_FAILURE:
      return { ...state, error: action.payload.message };
    case DELETE_ITEM_REQUEST:
      return { ...state };
    case DELETE_ITEM_SUCCESS:
      return {
        ...state,
        items: state.items.filter((item) => item.id !== action.payload.id),
      };
    case DELETE_ITEM_FAILURE:
      return { ...state, error: action.payload.message };
    default:
      return state;
  }
}

//action creators
function loadItems() {
  return (dispatch) => {
    let itemAPI = new ItemAPI();
    dispatch({ type: LOAD_ITEMS_REQUEST });
    return itemAPI
      .getAll(1)
      .then((data) => {
        dispatch({ type: LOAD_ITEMS_SUCCESS, payload: data });
      })
      .catch((error) => {
        dispatch({ type: LOAD_ITEMS_FAILURE, payload: error });
      });
  };
}

function addItem(item) {
  return (dispatch) => {
    let itemAPI = new ItemAPI();
    dispatch({ type: ADD_ITEM_REQUEST });
    return itemAPI
      .add(item)
      .then((data) => {
        dispatch({ type: ADD_ITEM_SUCCESS, payload: data });
      })
      .catch((error) => {
        dispatch({ type: ADD_ITEM_FAILURE, payload: error });
      });
  };
}

function updateItem(item) {
  return (dispatch) => {
    let itemAPI = new ItemAPI();
    dispatch({ type: UPDATE_ITEM_REQUEST });
    return itemAPI
      .update(item)
      .then((data) => {
        dispatch({ type: UPDATE_ITEM_SUCCESS, payload: data });
      })
      .catch((error) => {
        dispatch({ type: UPDATE_ITEM_FAILURE, payload: error });
      });
  };
}

function deleteItem(item) {
  return (dispatch) => {
    let itemAPI = new ItemAPI();
    dispatch({ type: DELETE_ITEM_REQUEST });
    return itemAPI
      .delete(item.id)
      .then((data) => {
        dispatch({ type: DELETE_ITEM_SUCCESS, payload: item });
      })
      .catch((error) => {
        dispatch({ type: DELETE_ITEM_FAILURE, payload: error });
      });
  };
}

//store
var ReduxThunk = window.ReduxThunk;
const compose = window.__REDUX_DEVTOOLS_EXTENSION_COMPOSE__ || Redux.compose;
const store = Redux.createStore(
  reducer,
  compose(Redux.applyMiddleware(...[ReduxThunk]))
);

// UI ---------------------------------
function List(props) {
  const { items, loading, error } = props;
  const [editingItem, setEditingItem] = React.useState(null);
  const dispatch = ReactRedux.useDispatch();

  const handleEditClick = (item) => {
    setEditingItem(item);
  };

  const handleCancel = () => {
    setEditingItem(null);
  };

  if (loading) {
    return <div>Loading...</div>;
  } else if (error) {
    return <div>{error}</div>;
  } else {
    return (
      <ul>
        {items.map((item) => (
          <li key={item.id}>
            {item === editingItem ? (
              <Form item={item} onCancel={handleCancel} />
            ) : (
              <p>
                <span>{item.name}</span>
                <button onClick={() => handleEditClick(item)}>Edit</button>
                <button onClick={() => dispatch(deleteItem(item))}>
                  Remove
                </button>
              </p>
            )}
          </li>
        ))}
      </ul>
    );
  }
}

function Form({ item, onCancel, buttonValue }) {
  const [inputValue, setInputValue] = React.useState(item.name || "");
  const dispatch = ReactRedux.useDispatch();

  const handleChange = (event) => {
    event.preventDefault();
    setInputValue(event.target.value);
  };

  const handleFormSubmit = (event) => {
    event.preventDefault();
    const isNew = !item.id;
    const submittedItem = {
      id: item ? item.id : ID(),
      name: inputValue,
    };

    if (isNew) {
      dispatch(addItem(submittedItem));
    } else {
      dispatch(updateItem(submittedItem));
    }

    setInputValue("");
  };

  const handleCancel = (event) => {
    event.preventDefault();
    onCancel();
  };

  return (
    <form onSubmit={handleFormSubmit}>
      <input value={inputValue} onChange={handleChange} />
      <button>{buttonValue || "Save"}</button>
      {onCancel && (
        <a href="#" onClick={handleCancel}>
          cancel
        </a>
      )}
    </form>
  );
}

function Container() {
  const items = ReactRedux.useSelector((state) => state.items);
  const loading = ReactRedux.useSelector((state) => state.loading);
  const error = ReactRedux.useSelector((state) => state.error);
  const dispatch = ReactRedux.useDispatch();

  React.useEffect(() => {
    dispatch(loadItems());
  }, [dispatch]);

  return (
    <div>
      <Form item="" buttonValue="Add" />
      <List loading={loading} error={error} items={items} />
    </div>
  );
}

function App() {
  return (
    <div>
      <ReactRedux.Provider store={store}>
        <Container />
      </ReactRedux.Provider>
    </div>
  );
}
ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root")).render(<App />);

Example Application using Class Components

// API ----------
function ID() {
  // Math.random should be unique because of its seeding algorithm.
  // Convert it to base 36 (numbers + letters), and grab the first 9 characters
  // after the decimal.
  return "_" + Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9);
}

class Item {
  constructor(id, name) {
    this.id = id;
    this.name = name;
  }
}

const baseUrl = "http://localhost:3000";

class ItemAPI {
  url = `${baseUrl}/items`;

  constructor() {}

  getAll(page = 1, limit = 100) {
    return fetch(`${this.url}?_page=${page}&_limit=${limit}`)
      .then(this.checkStatus)
      .then(this.parseJSON);
  }

  add(item) {
    return fetch(`${this.url}`, {
      method: "POST",
      body: JSON.stringify(item),
      headers: {
        "Content-Type": "application/json",
      },
    })
      .then(this.checkStatus)
      .then(this.parseJSON);
  }

  update(item) {
    return fetch(`${this.url}/${item.id}`, {
      method: "PUT",
      body: JSON.stringify(item),
      headers: {
        "Content-Type": "application/json",
      },
    })
      .then(this.checkStatus)
      .then(this.parseJSON);
  }

  delete(id) {
    return fetch(`${this.url}/${id}`, {
      method: "DELETE",
      headers: {
        "Content-Type": "application/json",
      },
    })
      .then(this.checkStatus)
      .then(this.parseJSON);
  }

  static translateStatusToErrorMessage(status) {
    switch (status) {
      case 401:
        return "Please login again.";
      case 403:
        return "You do not have permission to view the items.";
      default:
        return "There was an error retrieving the items. Please try again.";
    }
  }

  //pass translate in to make this more flexible
  checkStatus(response) {
    if (response.status >= 200 && response.status < 300) {
      return response;
    } else {
      const httpErrorInfo = {
        status: response.status,
        statusText: response.statusText,
        url: response.url,
      };
      console.log(
        `logging http details for debugging: ${JSON.stringify(httpErrorInfo)}`
      );

      let errorMessage = ItemAPI.translateStatusToErrorMessage(
        httpErrorInfo.status
      );
      throw new Error(errorMessage);
    }
  }

  parseJSON(response) {
    return response.json();
  }
}

// REDUX -------------------

//action types
const LOAD_ITEMS_REQUEST = "LOAD_ITEMS_REQUEST";
const LOAD_ITEMS_SUCCESS = "LOAD_ITEMS_SUCCESS";
const LOAD_ITEMS_FAILURE = "LOAD_ITEMS_FAILURE";
const ADD_ITEM_REQUEST = "ADD_ITEM_REQUEST";
const ADD_ITEM_SUCCESS = "ADD_ITEM_SUCCESS";
const ADD_ITEM_FAILURE = "ADD_ITEM_FAILURE";
const UPDATE_ITEM_REQUEST = "UPDATE_ITEM_REQUEST";
const UPDATE_ITEM_SUCCESS = "UPDATE_ITEM_SUCCESS";
const UPDATE_ITEM_FAILURE = "UPDATE_ITEM_FAILURE";
const DELETE_ITEM_REQUEST = "DELETE_ITEM_REQUEST";
const DELETE_ITEM_SUCCESS = "DELETE_ITEM_SUCCESS";
const DELETE_ITEM_FAILURE = "DELETE_ITEM_FAILURE";

//state (initial)
const initialState = {
  items: [],
  loading: false,
  error: null,
};

//reducer
function reducer(state = initialState, action) {
  switch (action.type) {
    case LOAD_ITEMS_REQUEST:
      return { ...state, loading: true };
    case LOAD_ITEMS_SUCCESS:
      return { ...state, loading: false, items: action.payload };
    case LOAD_ITEMS_FAILURE:
      return { ...state, loading: false, error: action.payload.message };
    case ADD_ITEM_REQUEST:
      return { ...state };
    case ADD_ITEM_SUCCESS:
      return {
        ...state,
        items: [...state.items, action.payload],
      };
    case ADD_ITEM_FAILURE:
      return { ...state, loading: false, error: action.payload.message };
    case UPDATE_ITEM_REQUEST:
      return { ...state };
    case UPDATE_ITEM_SUCCESS:
      return {
        ...state,
        items: state.items.map((item) => {
          return item.id === action.payload.id
            ? Object.assign({}, item, action.payload)
            : item;
        }),
      };
    case UPDATE_ITEM_FAILURE:
      return { ...state, error: action.payload.message };
    case DELETE_ITEM_REQUEST:
      return { ...state };
    case DELETE_ITEM_SUCCESS:
      return {
        ...state,
        items: state.items.filter((item) => item.id !== action.payload.id),
      };
    case DELETE_ITEM_FAILURE:
      return { ...state, error: action.payload.message };
    default:
      return state;
  }
}

//action creators
function loadItems() {
  return (dispatch) => {
    let itemAPI = new ItemAPI();
    dispatch({ type: LOAD_ITEMS_REQUEST });
    return itemAPI
      .getAll(1)
      .then((data) => {
        dispatch({ type: LOAD_ITEMS_SUCCESS, payload: data });
      })
      .catch((error) => {
        dispatch({ type: LOAD_ITEMS_FAILURE, payload: error });
      });
  };
}

function addItem(item) {
  return (dispatch) => {
    let itemAPI = new ItemAPI();
    dispatch({ type: ADD_ITEM_REQUEST });
    return itemAPI
      .add(item)
      .then((data) => {
        dispatch({ type: ADD_ITEM_SUCCESS, payload: data });
      })
      .catch((error) => {
        dispatch({ type: ADD_ITEM_FAILURE, payload: error });
      });
  };
}

function updateItem(item) {
  return (dispatch) => {
    let itemAPI = new ItemAPI();
    dispatch({ type: UPDATE_ITEM_REQUEST });
    return itemAPI
      .update(item)
      .then((data) => {
        dispatch({ type: UPDATE_ITEM_SUCCESS, payload: data });
      })
      .catch((error) => {
        dispatch({ type: UPDATE_ITEM_FAILURE, payload: error });
      });
  };
}

function deleteItem(item) {
  return (dispatch) => {
    let itemAPI = new ItemAPI();
    dispatch({ type: DELETE_ITEM_REQUEST });
    return itemAPI
      .delete(item.id)
      .then((data) => {
        dispatch({ type: DELETE_ITEM_SUCCESS, payload: item });
      })
      .catch((error) => {
        dispatch({ type: DELETE_ITEM_FAILURE, payload: error });
      });
  };
}

//store
var ReduxThunk = window.ReduxThunk;
const compose = window.__REDUX_DEVTOOLS_EXTENSION_COMPOSE__ || Redux.compose;
const store = Redux.createStore(
  reducer,
  compose(Redux.applyMiddleware(...[ReduxThunk]))
);

// UI ---------------------------------

class List extends React.Component {
  state = {
    editingItem: null,
  };

  handleEditClick = (item) => {
    this.setState({ editingItem: item });
  };

  handleCancel = (item) => {
    this.setState({ editingItem: null });
  };

  render() {
    const { items, onRemove, onUpdate, loading, error } = this.props;

    if (loading) {
      return <div>Loading...</div>;
    } else if (error) {
      return <div>{error}</div>;
    } else {
      return (
        <ul>
          {items.map((item) => (
            <li key={item.id}>
              {item === this.state.editingItem ? (
                <Form
                  item={item}
                  onSubmit={onUpdate}
                  onCancel={this.handleCancel}
                />
              ) : (
                <p>
                  <span>{item.name}</span>
                  <button onClick={() => this.handleEditClick(item)}>
                    Edit
                  </button>
                  <button onClick={() => onRemove(item)}>Remove</button>
                </p>
              )}
            </li>
          ))}
        </ul>
      );
    }
  }
}

class Form extends React.Component {
  state = {
    inputValue: this.props.item.name || "",
  };

  handleChange = (event) => {
    event.preventDefault();
    this.setState({ inputValue: event.target.value });
  };

  handleFormSubmit = (event) => {
    event.preventDefault();
    const item = {
      id: this.props.item ? this.props.item.id : ID(),
      name: this.state.inputValue,
    };

    this.props.onSubmit(item);
    this.setState({ inputValue: "" });
  };

  handleCancel = (event) => {
    event.preventDefault();
    this.props.onCancel();
  };

  render() {
    return (
      <form onSubmit={this.handleFormSubmit}>
        <input value={this.state.inputValue} onChange={this.handleChange} />
        <button>{this.props.buttonValue || "Save"}</button>
        {this.props.onCancel && (
          <a href="#" onClick={this.handleCancel}>
            cancel
          </a>
        )}
      </form>
    );
  }
}

class Container extends React.Component {
  componentDidMount() {
    this.props.onLoad();
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <Form item="" onSubmit={this.props.onAdd} buttonValue="Add" />
        <List {...this.props} />
      </div>
    );
  }
}

// React Redux (connect)---------------
function mapStateToProps(state) {
  return {
    items: state.items,
    loading: state.loading,
    error: state.error,
  };
}

// // Same thing, just with lots of ES6 shorthand
// const mapState = ({ items, loading, error }) => ({
//   items,
//   loading,
//   error
// });

const mapDispatchToProps = {
  onLoad: loadItems,
  onAdd: addItem,
  onUpdate: updateItem,
  onRemove: deleteItem,
};
const ConnectedContainer = ReactRedux.connect(
  mapStateToProps,
  mapDispatchToProps
)(Container);

// App

class App extends React.Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <ReactRedux.Provider store={store}>
          <ConnectedContainer />
        </ReactRedux.Provider>
      </div>
    );
  }
}

ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root")).render(<App />);

Notes

When dealing with this much code in one file make sure things are defined before they are used.
For example, List would be undefined if you tried to connect it before it was defined further down in main.js.

Setup#

tip

Example Application using Function Components#

Example Application using Class Components#

Notes#

Setup

Example Application using Function Components

Example Application using Class Components

Notes